Three main ways of lightning strike

Direct lightning strikes

Lightning directly hits buildings or various devices exposed to space, and various overhead metal cables (such as power cables, communication lines, network wiring, etc.). It may generate high voltages of tens of thousands of volts or even tens of thousands of volts within a few microseconds, generating spark discharges, forming huge thermal and mechanical energy, destroying buildings and equipment, and endangering personal safety.

Lightning surge on incoming services

Although lightning does not directly hit a building or equipment, it hits a metal pipe or line connected to the building or the equipment and introduces a lightning wave into the building through a resistive coupling through a conductive method. Damage to its connected electrical equipment, communications equipment, computer networks and other equipment and endanger the personal safety.
(Surge protection device could be used to defend from this kind of lightning attack.)

Lightning strike electromagnetic pulse interference

When a lightning strike occurs, a rapid change of lightning current generates a transient strong electromagnetic field in its surrounding space, which induces a high electromotive force on the nearby conductor, induces a powerful lightning electromagnetic pulse, and generates a pulse through inductive coupling, capacitive coupling or electromagnetic radiation. Overvoltage and overcurrent damage the equipment.
(Surge protection device could be used to defend this kind of lightning attack.)